变态心理学8人格障碍student.pptVIP

人格障碍 Personality Disorder Historic Overview Psychopathic personality(病态人格) : Kraepelin，1909 Psychopathy Personality Disorder Definition DSM-Ⅳ Diagnostic Criteria A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more ) of the following areas: 1. Cognition (ie, ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events) 2. Affectivity (ie, the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response) 3. Interpersonal functioning 4. Impulse control Definition B. The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situation C. The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. D. The pattern is stable and of long duration ands its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood. The individual is at least age 18. There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15. E. The enduring pattern is not better accounted for as a manifestation of another mental disorder F. The enduring pattern is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (eg, a drug of abuse, a medication ) or a general medical condition (eg, head trauma) Definition CCMD-Ⅲ-R Diagnostic Criteria 症状标准：个人的内心体验与行为特征在整体上与其文化所期望和所接受的范围明显偏离，这种偏离是广泛的、稳定的和长期的，并至少有下列1项 （1）认知（感知及解释人和事物，由此形成对自我及他人的态度和形象的方式）的异常偏离 （2）情感（范围、强度及适切的情感唤起和反应）的异常偏离 （3）控制冲动及满足个人需要的异常偏离 （4）人际关系的异常偏离 Definition 严重程度标准：特殊行为模式的异常偏离，使病人或其他人（如家属）感到痛苦或社会适应不良 病程标准：开始于童年、青少年期，现年18岁以上，至少已持续两年 排除标准：人格特征的异常偏离并非躯体疾病或精神障碍的表现或后果。 Major Etiological Theory Genetic Factor： Shield（1962）：同卵双生子研究 Major Etiological Theory Biological Factor 反社会人格障碍－－皮层抑制功能和警觉能力降低，脑电图有较多慢波，交感神经反应减弱 冲动型或边缘型人格－－5-HT能神经元功能降低 Major Etiological Theory Psychosocial Factor 家庭环境问题 1.童年期遭受虐待（Abuse） 2.家庭关系不良 父母教育方式 Categories of Personality disorder DSM-Ⅳ Cluster A: (paran