国际服务外包的衡量.pptVIP

第一节 引言 一、贸易一体化与生产非一体化 在过去几十年里，全球经济通过国际贸易变得日益一体化(integration)。然而，与此同时，全球微观层面的生产过程则变得越来越非一体化(disintegration)。贸易一体化与生产非一体化是一种共生关系(Feenstra,1998) 。 Bhagwati and Dehejia(1994) call this “kaleidoscope comparative advantage”, as firms shift location quickly; Krugman(1996) uses the phrase “slicing the value chain”; Leamer(1996) prefers “delocalization”; while Antweiler and Trefler(1997) introduce “intra-mediate trade”. Ratios of Merchandise Trade to GDP Shares of U.S. Exports and Imports by End-Use Categories Ratio of Imported to Domestic Intermediate Inputs - Textiles, Apparel and Footwear 贸易一体化包