河道与渐溃堤坝耦联的水力数值模拟的研究-水力学及河流动力学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 河道与渐溃堤坝耦联的水力数值模拟的研究 摘 要 河堤溃决后的溃堤波会对圩区造成很大的危害，对溃堤波的研究是一个重 要课题，研究其演进过程具有重要意义。本文将河道与堤坝下游区域视为一个 整体，对于单一河道采用Preissmann四点隐式差分格式计算，对于溃口及圩区 采用有限体积法，建立了一维河道与堤坝渐溃耦联的水力模型，也是一维、二 维耦合的水流模型。在应用有限体积法无结构网格的基础上建立了高性能的 TVD--MUSCL格式，根据堤坝溃口处的流量、水位，计算出沿程下游各点的 流速、水位。算例验证表明：应用组合型TVD--MUSCL格式配合有限体积法 是一种高解析度的数值方法，且TVD--MUSCL格式对于自动捕捉激波和抑制 间断附近的数值解波动十分有效，它对间断具有高分辨率。本文建立逐渐溃堤 的水力模型首次对二维逐渐溃堤波的流动问题进行了数值研究，揭示了逐渐溃 堤过程中溃口处流场的变化情况，以及溃堤波的传播、绕射、反射及变形的复 杂运动特征，能较好地模拟实际工程中的溃堤失事，模拟比较逼近于真实溃决 过程，计算精度可满足工程要求。其研究成果能够为防汛部门的正确决策以及 溃堤灾害性分析和防灾减灾提供科学的依据，具有较大的实际指导意义。 关键词 水力模型，渐溃堤坝，耦合，有限体积法，无结构网格， TVD--MUSCL格式 IⅡ 一 一 塑壁丕兰塑圭堡壅 Study of Hydraulic Numerical Simulation for Coupling River and Gradual Dike．break ABSTRACT The dike—break long waves cause great damage to polder，and then it is a significant subject for studying the dike—break long wave．It is significant of research for the propagating of the dike-break wave．In the paper．river and the downstream area of dike are regarded as a whole system，and hydraulic model of coupling I-D fiver and gradual dike·break is established，therein the Preissmann implicit difference scheme is applied to Main River，and the FVM(Finite Volume Method)is applied to the breach and polder，On the basis of FVM and unstructured grids，TVD ～MUSCL scheme is constructed with high performance．According to the discharge and water level of breach，the scheme is used to compute velocity and water level of center node of a11 elements．The results show that it iS the numerical method of high analyzable degree for the hybrid TVD scheme combinated with FVM，and the scheme is not only sufficiently accurate and nonoscillatory，but also capable of treating automatically hydraulic jump．The hydraulic model of gradual dike—break simulates numerically the 2-D flow of gradual dike-break waves．It shows the variation of flow field on breach，and the complicated flow characteristic of the propagation，diffraction，reflection a