3.头面部.doc

PAGE PAGE 12 8、Skull To be divided into the cranium skeleton and facial skeleton with a connective line between the supraorbital margin and external acoustic meatus Cranium skeleton: paired unpaired Cranium skeleton: unpaired: frontal, occipital,ethmoid sphenoid bones paired: parietal, temporal bones Facial skeleton: paired unpaired Facial skeleton:maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine bones I nferior nasal concha, (hyoid bones). Important bones Mandible All bones of skull are articulated by sutures, except mandible which is articulated by temporomandibular joints. Mandible consists of two parts: a horizontal portion (body) a vertical portion (rami). Sphenoid bone Its pterygoid processes, consisting of lateral medial pterygoid plates, extend inferiorly on each side from junction of body greater wings. Groove for cartilaginous part of auditory tube lies medial to spine of sphenoid. 1. Anterior aspect orbits, bony nose, bony oral Supraorbital margin of frontal bone has a supraorbital notch or foramen on junction of its medial middle third. Infraorbital foramen is below midpoint of infraorbital margin on maxilla. Upper jaw is formed by fused maxillae; their alveolar processes form sockets supporting bone for upper teeth. Alveolar processes of mandible bear lower teeth. Mental foramen is inferior to 2nd premolar tooth. 1). Orbit: four-sided pyramid 4 surfaces Sup.-superior orbital fissure Inf.- inferior orbital fissure, groove, canal , foramen Int.-fossa for lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal canal (communicating with inf. nasal meatus) Lat.-lacrimal fossa apex-optic canal 2) Bony nasal cavity Anterior nasal aperture / piriform aperture Posterior nasal aperture *Lateral wall—superior,middle and inferior concha superior, middle and inferior meatus *Medial wall-median septum formed by vomer犁骨 and perpendicular plate of ethmoid *Inferior wall- bony palatine 骨腭separating oral * Paranasal sinuses are air-cells or