钢轨焊接接头TOFD检测图像分析与处理方法-材料工程专业论文.docxVIP

哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 -II- -II- Abstract Time of Flight Diffraction(TOFD) method was a novel technique for the inspection in steel plates, pipelines and vessels, with its advantages such as ease of operation, accurate location and sizing of defects. However, the image processing and interpretation for TOFD testing on non-planar structure with variable curvature relied heavily on the skilled operator. This paper presented the image processing and reconstruction of TOFD images on welded joints of the rail which was a typical non-planar structure, to make the TOFD data more comprehensive. The effective information between the lateral wave and backwall signals was extracted for the image reconstruction. To enhance the image of SNR and obtain good results of segmentation, a FIR lowpass filter was designed for noise suppression of the TOFD image, both vertical denoising and horizontal denoising methods were conducted, the result showed that the horizontal denoising performs better. Based on the high contrast of the lateral waves and backwall signals vs. background, the segmentation algorithm of TOFD images derived from different rail positions was developed. The reliability of this algorithm was evaluated by segmenting the effective information of TOFD images with different parameters, it showed that the success rate of the side of rail head was 75%, and the success rate of other positions was higher than 80%. The problem that the vertical axis of the image represented time instead of the depth of the defects had to be solved prior to the image reconstruction. Therefore the vertical axis was rescaled to represent depth by re-sampling the TOFD signals under the thickness intervals 0.1mm. Then the TOFD images were reconstructed according to the inspection methods of different rail positions, the location of the defects from the reconstructed image proved to be more easily understood than the original. In order to solve the information overlap problem, the defect s