普通语言学第一章.pptxVIP

A Course on Linguistics for Students of English 《新编语言学教程》;Reference Books;Chapter 1. Introduction1.1 Linguistics1.2 Language1.3 Some Major Concepts in Linguistics;1.1.1 Definition of linguistics;Four principles of linguistic studies;1.1.2 Linguistics versus traditional grammar;1.1.3 Use of studying linguistics;Some other applications ;1.1.4 The scope or major branches of linguistics;Theoretical linguistics;1.2 Language;1.2.1 Language can mean;Language can be generally defined as;Language is a system;Language is arbitrary;Language is symbolic in nature;Language is primarily vocal;Language is human-specific ;1.2.2 The origin of language ;许国璋先生认为把语言定义成交际工具不够科学,至少不够严谨.他对语言的定义做了如下概括:语言是一种符号系统.;1.2.3 The design/defining features of human language 语言本质特征;Arbitrariness;Duality (double articulation) ;Productivity/creativity ;Interchangeability 互换性;Displacement;Specialization;Cultural transmission;1.2.4 Functions of language ;1.3 Some important distinctions in linguistics 语言学中的一些重要区分;1.3.1 Descriptive vs prescriptive描写与规定;1.3.2 Synchronic vs diachronic共时与历时;Speech vs writing言语与文字;1.3.3 Langue vs parole (F. de Saussure)语言与言语;1.3.4 Competence and performance (Chomsky)语言能力和语言应用;1.3.5 Syntagmatic vs Paradigmatic relations 横组合关系和纵组合关系;1.3.6 Functionalism vs Formalism功能主义 vs 形式主义