S-W-Hypothesis语言学.pptxVIP

Part 1What Is Culture?Sydney Opera House Australia Some pictures to show what is cultureStatue of Liberty AmericaPaper-cut China Eiffel Tower FranceIn a broad sense, culture means integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that is both a result of and integral to the human capacity for learninng and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. including language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies,symbols...DefinitionIn a narrow sense, culture may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs and customs, which an be manifested in folk culture, enterprise, culture or food culture...Influence of CultureCulture reflects a total way of life of a people in a community.Every human society has its own particular culture, or socio-cultural system.Culture is so inclusive that it permeates virtually every aspect of human life and influences predominantly peoples belief and behavior, including linguistic behavior.An individuals attitudes, values, ideals, and beliefs are greatly influenced by the culture in which he lives.Types of Culture If viewed from the content rather than its scope: material culture: concrete, substantial and observable spiritual culture: abstract, implicit and hidden the product of mind In contrast with nature in the sense of what is born and grows, culture refers to what has been grown and brought up with.Culture can be reproduced and preserved through the maintaining of beliefs, traditions, education and other institutional mechanisms.Culture changes slowly with the development of the society as well.Part 2The relationship between language and cultureThe relationship between language and culture1. The same word may stir up different associations in people with different cultural background. e.g. the word “dog” .2. Language expresses cultural reality. A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge