Variety-of-language语言学.pptxVIP

Variety of language;Language and dialect;Regional dialect;It is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region. It has been found the regional dialect boundaries often coincide with geographical barriers such as mountain, rivers, or swamps.;Three different aspects in regional dialect;word;grammar;The wave theory (波浪理论）;皇帝称老婆叫梓童 庄稼汉叫婆姨宰相称夫人 年轻人称媳妇文人称拙荆 老头子叫老伴商贾称贱内 喝过洋墨水的称达令酸秀才称娘子 土生土长的叫那口子 部队称家属;Sociolect社会方言;  social status: Speaker A Speaker B I did it yesterday. I done it yesterday. He hasn’t got it. He ain’t got it. It was she that said it. It was her what said it.;career:;religion：;二、 Differences: ;三、 An important marker of sociolect: Accent;Idiolect（个人方言）; In a narrower sense, what makes up a persons idolect also includes such factors as voice quality, pitch and speech tempo and rhythm. 个人语言也包括音质、音高、语速和节奏这些因素。 While the language system provides all its users with the same set of potentials, the realization of these potentials is individualized by a number of social factors, resulting in idiolects. 语言系统为每个使用者都提供了同样的潜能，而这些潜能的实现因一系列社会因素得以私人化，从而形成了个人语言。 This makes it possible for us to recognize a speaker by the way he/she speakers. 这也使得我们可以通过一个人的说话方式来辨认说话人的身份。 ;langue and gender; Langue and gender refers to the relationship between language and our ideas about men and women. The language used by men and women have some special features of their own.; First, the speech of women more closely approaches the standard variety than the speech of men. For example, women have a lower frequency of using “-n” for “-ng”; Second,