Predication---Analysis语言学.pptVIP

Predication analysis (述谓结构分析) Predication analysis述谓结构分析 1）The meaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up the meaning of its component words. 首先，句子意义并不是它所有成分意义的总和。 e.g “The dog bit the man.” is semantically different from “The man bit the dog.” though their components are exactly the same. 2) there are two aspects to sentence meaning: Grammatical meaning and Semantic meaning. 其次，句子的意义包括语法意义和语义意 义两个方面。 Grammatical meaning (grammatical sense), which means that how well the sentence is formed grammatically. Semantic meaning (semantic sense), which refers to whether some lexical items can go with other ones in order to make sense. Eg. The dog are chasing the cat. He gave the book me. We will went to Beijing tomorrow. These sentences are not grammatically well-formed; Some sentences which are grammatically right may not be semantically meaningful. e.g. Green clouds are sleeping furiously. Sincerity shook hands with the black apple. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called selectional restrictions(选择限制规则)(constraints on what lexical items can go with what other). Consider the three sentences: The children ate their dinner. Did the children eat their dinner? Eat your dinner,children! Leaving aside differences of tense and pronouns, these sentences have a common content ----“Children eat dinner”. It is this type of structure which is called predication. Predication(述谓结构) Predication analysis述位结构分析 Predication analysis----a way to analyze sentence meaning (British G.Leech 杰弗里.利奇). Predication----the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A predication consists of argument(s) and predicate. 述谓结构是句子意义的抽象。由论元和谓词构成。 Argument and predicate A predication consists of argument(s) and predicate. An argument is a logical participant in a predication. It is generally identical with the nominal(名词性的) element(s) in a sentence. A predicate is something that is said about an argument or i