普通语言学之语用学.pptVIP

Chapter Five :  Introduction to Pragmatics :《语用学概述》 KeXianbing Central China Normal University 2010-10-19 Teaching outline 1 What is pragmatics? Pragmatics= meaning -semantics 2 The theory of Conversational Implicature 1) Gricean conversational implicature 2) Post-Gricean development 3 The theory of speech acts 1) Austin’s speech act theory: origin and foundation 2) Searle’s speech act theory: revision and development 4 Summary Preliminary examples Example: He went to town yesterday. Linguistic analysis includes: Phonological analysis: Graphological analysis Grammatical analysis (IC analysis): Semantic (componential /predicate) analysis : Who is he? Which town or when is yesterday? indeterminate, uncertain --- Pragmatic analysis on  “He went to town yesterday.” Depending on the different contexts: This sentence can be used by many people on many occasions for many purposes; it has meant many different things and performed many functions . He: anybody, any male--- someone’s brother or father, Churchill, Stalin, or Roosevelt, or 胡锦涛，etc. town: any place big enough to be called town--- London, Moscow or Washington, 汉口镇，武昌区，etc. yesterday: any day in the past---August 22, 1778, November 6, 1976, on May 1, 500 B.C, or even on Monday, October 18, 2010.　 Pragmatic analysis on  “He went to town yesterday.” Depending on the different contexts: This sentence can be performed many functions: a statement of information, question, defense, warning, etc. These contextual factors in which a sentence is used as an utterance contributed a lot to the interpretation of its meaning, which can not be accounted for in pure linguistic /grammatical analysis. In this sense, pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning of language in use 1. What is Pragmatics? The Study of Contextual Meaning Pragmatics : a field of study to take care of that part of