普通语言学课件.pptVIP

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) ;—in1876 returned to the study of linguistics. ;§teaching:—In 1891 , professor of Indo-European languages and comparative grammar at the University of Geneva.;II. A Course in General Linguistics ;§Proposed Revolutionary Theory of Language, set out Saussures ideas of language:;— synchronic vs. diachronic linguistics ; Introduction;—Wilhelm von Humboldts conception of inner linguistic form ;§Modern linguistics began to develop in the 18th century, reaching the golden age of philology in the 19th century. ;§Linguistics in the 18th century;2. the comparison of Sanskrit with languages of Europe formed the first stage in the systematic growth of comparative and historical linguistics.;§ the 19th-century historical and comparative linguistics;2.Danish Scholar Rask (1787-1832). — Put forth the methods and principles by which languages were to be compared and studied through comparison.;— He stressed that lexical correspondence was not a reliable index of the common origin or relation of languages. grammatical correspondences were more important;3. Humboldt (1767-1835) a German, was one of the most profound thinkers on general linguistic questions in the 19th century. ;— Although human beings have a universal capacity for language, each different language has a peculiar property of the nation or group who speak it.;4. Neogrammarians;—the essence of the Neogrammarian principle is an insistence on strict terminology;2. American descriptive and structural linguistics;● Edward Sapir (1884-1939) He defined language as “a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.” ;Language is the means and thought is the end product: without language, thought is impossible.;—Bloomfieldian Age (1933-1950);The division of labour and all human activities based on the division of labour are dependent on language; The distance between the speak