普通语言学-pragmatics.pptVIP

Chapter Chapter Pragmatics Foreign Languages Department Northwest A F University Sept. 2011 To know what is pragmatics and its main concern; To have a general idea about context and the notions of conversational implicature deixis(定冠词、指示代词等的)指示功能) reference; To understand the Speech Act theory, the Cooperative Principles in Conversation and Politeness Principles in Conversation. 1.The Definitions of Pragmatics speaker listener context social interaction functions of language Speaker Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. ( Yule, 1996.3) Pragmatics is a theory which seeks to characterize how speakers use the sentences of a language to effect successful communication. ( Kempson,1975:84) Pragmatics is concerned with how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. Listeners Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is said. ( Yule, 1996:3) Pragmatics is the study of understanding intentional human action. (Green,1996:2) Context Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning. ( Yule,1996:3) Pragmatics can be usefully defined as the study of how utterance have meanings in situations.( Leech,1983:x) Pragmatics, as a topic in linguistics, is the study of the use of context to make inferences about meaning.( Fasold,1993:119, from Schiffrin) Pragmatics is the study of the conditions of human language uses as these are determined by the context of society.( Mey,1993:42) Pragmatics is concerned with the interpretation of linguistic meaning in context. Social interaction Pragmatics is the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the contexts in which they would be appropriate.( Levinson, 1983:24) (In this book I shall be working towards a definition of )pragmatics as meaning in interaction.(Tomas, 1995:24) Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance.(Yule, 1996:3) Functions of language Pragmatics (is) a general functional perspective on (any aspect of)la