Leucobacter sp.CR1菌还原铬Ⅵ的机理及其在铬渣解毒中的应用.docx

博士学位论文 博士学位论文 摘要 分别从化学动力学和酶促动力学的角度建立了CRBl菌在生长状态和休眠 状态下还原六价铬的动力学模型。在最适条件下，当体系中初始六价铬的浓度 小于2000 mgm时，休眠细胞催化还原六价铬的反应是零级反应；当六价铬浓 度大于2000 mg／L时，反应呈现一级反应的特征。生长细菌还原六价铬也符合 零级反应的动力学特征。运用底物抑制的Monod方程建立六价铬还原的数学模 型，亦可模拟反应的过程，但不如化学反应动力学方程准确。酶促动力学研究 的结果说明该氧化还原反应由乳酸钠的氧化和六价铬的还原两个基元反应构 成，每个基元反应均为单底物的酶促反应。 针对原长沙铬盐厂铬渣污染的现状及铬渣的性质，依据CRBl菌还原Cr(VI) 的有关机理，提出并研究了细菌柱浸解毒铬渣的工艺。在最佳条件下，解毒后 的铬渣浸出液达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978．1996)；解毒后废渣的浸出 毒性低于国家固体废物浸出毒性鉴别标准(GB 5085．1996)。解毒过程中细菌对 铬渣表面具有溶蚀作用，铬渣中的某些物相在细菌作用下发生分解。解毒后渣 中的Cal2A114033和C啦12S0lo·16H20消失，方镁石(MgO)的含量也有较大降低， 包裹于这些复杂化合物中的难浸Cr(VI)被释放，从而提高了铬渣中六价铬的浸 出率和解毒效果。 关键词六价铬，生物还原，Leucobacter sp．CRBl，乳酸钠，铬渣， 解毒 H 博：E学位论文 博：E学位论文 Abstract Abstract Chromite ore processing residue(COPR)is a great environmental problem in China．The accumulative deposit has attained 600 million tons．The hexavalent chromium containing in COPR iS one of the eight most harmful chemicals for the health of human and one of three carcinogenic metals．Therefore，treatment of Cr(VI)contamination of COPR is always import subject of environmental protection allover the world．In this study,an effe：ctive chromate reduction bacteria strain was isolated，which could reduce high concentrations of Cr(VI)to nontoxic trivalent chromium to detoxify Cr(VI)．111is strain shows a widely practical potential in chromate contamination treatment with biological methods． Based on the stress mechanism of microbe living in extreme environment，a strain with hi 911 chromate reduction performance Was isolated from the site contaminated seriously by Cr(VI)lcached out from chromite ore processing residue heap of Changsha chromate factory．The optimum environmental conditions for the growth of strain CRB 1 were at temperature 35℃，pH 8．0，salt concentration between 0．1-0．5 mol／L． It was an intermediate temperature，Alkatiphiles and halophile．Under the optimum conditions，the generation time