大学英语三讲.pptVIP

情态动词IV .情态动词的种类 can, could / may, might / must, have to, need / ought to / will, would, shall, should / dare 情态动词的用法 情态动词具有一定的词义，没有人称和数的变化， 不能单独构成谓语，和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气，对行为的愿望，态度或推测等意义。 Can I ask you a question? May I ask you a question. (更礼貌) Soldiers must obey orders. 2. 情态动词 + have done及其它（情态动词+ 现在完成时，表示对过去发生情况的推测） 1) could + have done表示与事实相反 He could have gone by bus, but he went on foot. 表示本来可以那样做却没有做，含有某种责备的口气 2) might + have done表示未实现的行为 You might have considered her feelings. 表示说话人对过去情况的抱怨，责备，遗憾等 3) needn’t + have done表示做了不该做的事情 We needn’t have hurried. 温和的责备，后悔，通常限于否定句 4) must + have done表示对过去行为的肯定推测 She must have been very young when she got married. The woman must be over fifty. should + have done表示该做而未做到的事 6) should not + have done表示做了不该做的事 例子：资料 注意：表示对过去行为的否定推测为can’t have done, 而非mustn’t have done. The room is in a terrible mess; it can’t have been cleaned 3. shall / should (ought to); 资料 3) should除了表示”应当”,”该”解之外,还表示推测:作”可能”、”该”解. 还表示出乎意外, 居然 竟然. 如：The book should be in the reading-room. / I never thought she should have done this. 4) will / would 资料 15,71,73 题 4. 可以看作情态动词的短语 1) used to + V表示过去经常; 而be used to doing表示习惯于 I used to play basketball in high school. 2) had better + V表示 ” 最好是 ”、“不如…” 之意 We had better leave the office now, or we’ll miss the last bus. 否定形式为had better not do 3) had rather + V… than和would rather + V… than表示”宁肯…不愿”之意。如: We would / had rather die than yield. He would rather live in the country than in the city. 补充： can not---too You cannot be too careful when crossing the street. 练习题27， 44， 48， 74 VI、虚拟语气 虚拟语气三大公式 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 资料 If he were here, everything would be all right. If I had the book, I would lend it to you. If I had listened to you, I should /would have finished my assignment. ( 美语常用would 代替should) If it rained ( were to rain/ should rain ) tomorrow, I should stay at home. 练习 2,10,61 真题 3/ 24: If 可以省略，但是从句要部分倒装。如： 资料例子 她要是学习再努力一些，这次考试