第三篇第七章冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病.pptVIP

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease. Atherosclerotic plaques can be subdivided in accordance with their age and state of development. It is the newly formed lesions with a large lipid core, thin capped, which are fragile and therefore likely to rupture and lead to an acute ischemic event. Slide 3 Atherothrombosis: a Generalized and Progressive Process Atherothrombosis is the common underlying disease process for MI, ischemia and vascular death. ACS are classic examples of atherothrombosis (plaque rupture and thrombus formation). ACS (in common with ischemic stroke and critical leg ischemia) are typically caused by rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by formation of a platelet-rich thrombus. Atherosclerosis is an ongoing process affecting mainly large and medium-sized arteries, which can begin in childhood and progress throughout a person’s lifetime. Stable atherosclerotic plaques may encroach on the lumen of the artery and cause chronic ischemia, resulting in (stable) angina pectoris or intermittent claudication, depending on the vascular bed affected. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques may rupture, leading to the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus that partially or completely occludes the artery and causes acute ischemic symptoms. 对脆弱和稳定斑块的不同特点进行的详细分析显示在稳定斑块中纤维帽厚且含更多平滑肌细胞。而不稳定斑块中常见到炎性细胞如T淋巴细胞及活化巨噬细胞。这些炎性细胞释放可致薄弱纤维帽进一步降解的细胞因子和组织因子，从而促进了血小板粘附和聚集。很明显，稳定斑块更能够经受血流的剪切力及防止破裂。 Libby. Circulation 1995;91:2844-50 实验室检查 一般化验检查 白细胞 血沉 血清心肌酶含量增高 CK/CK-MB 肌酸激酶/同功酶 AST/GOT 天门冬酸氨基转移酶 LDH 乳酸脱氢酶 血清肌钙蛋白I/T（TnI / TnT）增高 CK-MB、TnI / TnT ——血清心肌坏死标记物 血清心肌酶及坏死标记物水平的动态变化 超声心动图 了解室壁活动（阶段性运动异常）、左室功能 诊断室壁瘤/乳头肌功能不全 放射性核素 心肌显象/血池扫描 心向量图 其他检查 心肌梗死诊断 典型临床表现 缺血性胸痛 特征性心电图 心肌酶/坏死性标记物的动态变化 新的AMI诊断指南： 心肌损伤标记物显著增高（CK-MB、TnT / I ) 并且具有下述一项即可诊断 1） 新出现的病理性Q波 2） ST-T动态改变 3） 典型胸痛症状 4） 心脏冠脉介入治疗后 心前区疼痛 病史、体检和系列心电图 急性冠脉综合征（ACS） 持续ST段抬高 ST