微积分教学资料.pptxVIP

1.1 Rates of Change and Limits; The Tangent Problem Let f be a function and let P(a, f(a)) be a point on the graph of f. To find the slope m of the tangent line l at P(a, f(a)) on the graph of f, we first choose another nearby point Q(x, f(x)) on the graph (see Figure 1) and then compute the slope mPQ of the secant line PQ.;;;The instantaneous velocity at t=a ;The Limit of a Function;Definition We write and say “the limit of f(x), as x approaches a, equals L” meaning: If we can make the values of f(x) arbitrarily close to L(as close to L as we like) by taking x to be sufficiently close to a( on either side of a) but not equal to a.;Example Guess the value of ;X;;;;Limits may fail to exist;3) ; 牛牛文库文档分享; 牛牛文库文档分享; 牛牛文库文档分享;The Precise Definition of a Limit;if;Example;Example;2.Showing that this works.;1.2 Finding Limits and One-Sided Limits;Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws; 牛牛文库文档分享;If ;whenever;Direct Substitution Property If f is a polynomial or a rational function and a is in the domain of f, then ;Example;Example;Example: Eliminating zero denominators algebraically;Example; 牛牛文库文档分享;Example;Theorem ; 牛牛文库文档分享; 牛牛文库文档分享; 牛牛文库文档分享; 牛牛文库文档分享;Example:;If we know that the limit;One-Sided Limits;Definition We write and say the right-hand limit of f(x) as x approaches a [ or the limit of f(x) as x approaches a from the right ] is equal to L if we can make the values of f(x) arbitrarily close to L by taking x to be sufficiently close to a and x be greeter than a.;if and only if;;(b) Since the left and right limits are different, thus ; 牛牛文库文档分享;Solution;Solution:;Definition of Left-Hand Limit;Definition of Right-Hand Limit;Example; Proof First suppose that 0xπ/2. Figure shows a sector with center 0, central angle x and radius 1. Notice that MP=sinx and AQ=tanx. From the figure, we see that Area of △AOPArea of sector AOP