10extern充满alities.pptVIP

10 Externalities 外部性 In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: What is an externality? Why do externalities make market outcomes inefficient? What public policies aim to solve the problem of externalities? How can people sometimes solve the problem of externalities on their own? Why do such private solutions not always work? EXTERNALITIES AND MARKET INEFFICIENCY An externality refers to the uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander. 外部性是指一个人的行为对旁观者福利的无补偿的影响。 Externalities cause markets to be inefficient, and thus fail to maximize tota