双极性三极开关特性.docVIP

双极性三极管开关特性晶体三极管工作于截止区时，内阻很大，相当于开关断开状态；工作于饱和区时，内阻很低，相当于开关接通状态。三极管开关电路如图2.2.2(a)示。 输入控制信号 为矩形电压脉冲，电源电压 ,输出信号为 ,三极管开关电路输入输出波形如图2.2.2(b)。 下实例中为12V的开关控制信号，为单片机可接收的TTL信号，为了与输入控制信号一致，加入反相器74LS14。 Transistors A Transistor is a solid-state device designed to control DC current. Transistors are most commonly found in low DC powered sensors as the output switch. There are two types of transistors - NPN and PNP. The figure below shows a NPN (Current Sink) Open Collector Transistor Figure 1: Sensor NPN Output Output StyleDepending on model, incremental encoders are available with several different electrical output styles. Choice of signal depends on receiving instrument and cable distance. Line driver outputs with complimentary outputs can be used with longer cables as noise spikes can be cancelled. NPNUses an NPN type transistor and an internal resistor pulling up to the power supply rail.?The output is an active voltage. ? NPN Open CollectorUses an NPN type transistor but without an internal pull up resistor to the supply rail. The output is passive so a separate power supply can be used. ? PNPUses a PNP type transistor and an internal resistor pulling down to zero volts. ? PNP Open CollectorUses a PNP type transistor but without an internal pull down resistor to zero volts. ? Push PullA problem with NPN and PNP type outputs is the high output impedance. This can be solved by a complementary output allowing better switching to zero and positive supply rails. ? Line DriverThis output style has two complimentary outputs per channel allowing better transmission in noisy environments and long cable lengths. The receiver can process the signal, eliminating noise spikes. ? PTC protectionA positive temperature coefficient resistor can be added to the output of a NPN or PNP encoder, protecting it from output short circuits. ? Sinking/Sourcing Sinking sensors allow current to flow into the sensor to the voltage common, while sourcing sensors allow current to flo