非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用).doc

. .. 非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b. v-ing c. 过去分词 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种： 1.一般式to do I like to read English. 2.进行式to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3.完成式to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4.被动式to be done The work is to be done soon. 5.完成被动式to have been done The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 疑问词+动词不定式 What, who, which, where, when, how, why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe． Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语 +(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus. It costs you only $ 100 a month to cook at home. It seemed impossible to save money. 句型2：It’s + n. (+ for sb) + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the countryside.. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. 句型3： It is + adj （+ for sb） to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ） It is + adj （+ of sb） to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. 疑问词+不定式 作主语 When to start remains undecided. 1. It is easy to get there by bus or taxi. 2. It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds. 3. It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating. 4. It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 5. How long did it take you to finish the work? 6. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 7. When to start has not been decided. 8. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 9. It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it