乳腺癌英文相关.docx

乳腺癌相关英文单词 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) 转移性乳腺癌 early menarche 初潮 nulliparity 未经产 late age at first birth 头胎生育年龄大 mutations of tumor suppresser genes 抑癌基因突变 BRCA1 and BRCA2 乳腺癌易感基因1和2 radiation exposure 射线暴露 contiguity environmental and lifestyle factors 环境和生活方式的因素 solitary 孤立（病灶） unilateral 单侧 nonmobile 活动性查 nipple changes 乳头改变 prominent skin edema 皮肤水肿严重 redness 皮肤发红 warmth 皮温升高 induration 硬结 bone pain 骨痛 difficulty breathing 呼吸困难 abdominal pain or enlargement 腹痛或腹胀 jaundice 黄疸 mental status changes. 精神状态改变 routine screening mammography 常规乳腺钼靶筛查 asymptomatic women. 无症状的患者 Initial workup 初始的检查 localized lesion 局限的病灶 suggestive symptoms 具有提示意义的症状 breast imaging techniques 乳腺成像技术 ultrasound 超声 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 核磁共振 Breast biopsy 活检 a palpable mass on physical examination 体格检查可触及肿块 indicated for a mammographic abnormality （预示）乳腺异常 the size of the primary tumor extent 原发灶大小 presence and extent of lymph node involvement 是否存在淋巴结转移及数目 presence or absence of distant metastases 是否存在远处转移 assists with treatment decisions 协助治疗方案决策 Simplistically stated 简单来说 basement membrane 基底膜 Involvement of regional lymph nodes 区域淋巴结受侵 extensive nodal involvement 淋巴结广泛受侵 fixed to the chest 固定于胸壁 inflammatory breast cancer 炎性乳腺癌 rapidly progressive 进展迅速 preinvasive 转移前 adenocarcinomas 腺癌 ductal 导管的 lobular 小叶的 maximize quantity and quality of life 延长生存期，提高生活质量 axillary lymph nodes 腋窝淋巴结 the risk for breast cancer recurrence 乳腺癌复发的风险 disease characteristics 疾病特点 provide prognostic information 提供预后信息 histologic subtype 组织学亚型 nuclear or histologic grade 核分级及组织分级 lymphatic and vascular invasion 淋巴或血管侵犯转移 proliferation indices 增殖指数 The estrogen receptor (ER) 雌激素受体 progesterone receptor (PR) 孕激素受体 predict response to hormone therapy 预测对激素治疗的反应 HER2/neu (HER2) overexpression HER2过表达 transmission of growth signals that control aspects of normal cell growth and division 控制正常细胞生长分裂的生长信号的传递 increased tumor aggressiveness 肿瘤侵袭性增加 rates of recurrence 复发率 mortality 死亡率 favorable prognostic