自考词汇学复习资料.doc

精品文档 自考《英语词汇学》复习资料第一章 　　第一章 　　1. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 词-文字是一个最低限度的自由形式的语言，有一个特定的声音和含义和句法功能。 　　2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means ’Frau’ in German， ’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand， the same sound /rait/ can mean right， rite and write， though denoting different things， yet have the same sound. 没有任何逻辑关系的声音和意义的象征他们之间的联系是任意的和常规。例如“女人” 在德国是指已婚的女性， 女人在法国和 Funv 在中国。另一方面，同样的声音/ rait /可能意味着权利， 仪式和写，但指不同的事情，但有相同的声音。 　　3. The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.　　（At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns） 声音和形式之间的差异由4个主要因素引起的。 （至少80 ％的英文单词合适一贯的拼写模式）　 　a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. a ）条。内部原因是英文字母没有一个单独的信中对每声音的语言。 　　b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling b ）项。发音变化速度超过了拼写 　　c）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500 c ）项。影响工作的文士/印刷冻结的拼写单词1500 　　d）. Borrowing of foreign language d ）项。借用外国语言 　　4. Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect， a given book， a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. 　　The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words. 4 。词汇-词汇是最常用的提及的总和，所有的话，一种语言。它也可以指所有的话，某一方言，这是一种特定图书，某一问题，所有的话所拥有的个人以及所有的话目前在某一特定时期的历史。 一般估计，目前英语词汇量是每天100多万字。 　　5.Classification of Words—by use frequency， by notion， by origin 5.Classification的字的使用频率，由概念，通过原产地 　　1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary. 1 ） 。基本词库存-的基础词汇。 　　1. all national character （most important）– natural phenomena 　　most c