兽医专业英语扬州大学lessonfourteen.pptxVIP

New words and phrasesSuppurationCaseationPredilectionAllantoicErythritolSteroidHormonePlacentaeUndulantPyrexiaMalaisefatigueOsteomyelitisUreaseMacConkeyB. abortus biotype 2VenerealUterusConjunctivaInhalationEndotoxinThoracic ductParenchymatousBrucellaCoccobacillaryCoccobacilliDecolouriseZiehl-Neelsen stainCarbol fuchsinAerobicCapnophilicCatalase OxidaseB. 牛牛文库文档分享TextBrucella species are small Gram-negative rods (0.5~0.7μm×0.6~1.5μm) that often appear coccobacillary. They are non-motile, non-sporeforming and partially acid-fast in that they are not decolourised by 0.5 per cent acetic acid(乙酸) in the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) stain. The carbol fuchsin is retained and the brucellae appear as red-staining coccobacilli. 牛牛文库文档分享The brucellae are aerobic and capnophilic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive (except B. ovis and B. neotomae), urease-positive (except B. ovis) and will not grow on MacConkey agar. B. ovis and B. abortus biotype 2 require media enriched with blood or serum. The growth of other brucellae is enhanced on enriched media but they are able to grow on nutrient 牛牛文库文档分享Brucella species are obligate parasites and each species has a preferred natural host that serves as a reservoir of infection. Brucellae have a predilection for ungulate (有蹄动物的) placentas, foetal fluids and testes(睾丸) of bulls, rams, boars and dogs. B. abortus is excreted in bovine milk and can remain viable in milk, water and damp soil for up to 4 牛牛文库文档分享Transmission is by direct or indirect contact with infective excretors（排菌者）. The route of infection is often by ingestion but venereal transmission may occur and is the main route for B. ovis. The brucellae possess an endotoxin that contributes to the pathogenesis, as does a surface cell wall carbohydrate that is responsible for binding to B-lymphocytes. 牛牛文库文档分享Soon after entry into the host the brucellae are engulfed by phagocytic cells in which they survive, multiply and are transported to the regional lymph nodes. T