科技英语阅读、翻译与写作课件.pptVIP

科技英语的阅读、翻译与写作（概述与回顾） Translate the following passage into Chinese: A special distillation problem is encountered when the boiling point of the material is so high that the substance decomposes at its atmospheric boiling point or the vaporization temperature cannot easily be reached by steam heat. To distill such a material, either to free it from nonvolatile impurities or to separate it into fractions of differing boiling point, the distillation temperature must be lowered to a point where the liquid can be vaporized without reaching excessive temperatures. One method of accomplishing this is to operate under a vacuum. Put the following into Chinese: alkane convection back-mixing diffusion flux enthalpy fossil fuel gradient humidity isothermal Put the following into English： 潜热 动量 可操作性 聚氯乙烯 可逆的 选择性 热塑性的 管式反应器 不饱和的 黏度  科技英语的特点 科技论文的特点 书面文体架构近乎标准化 科技论文的标准格式： 标题 Title 作者 Authors and their companies 摘要 Abstract 引言 Introduction 实验 Experiments 结果与讨论 Results and analysis 结论 Conclusion 致谢 Acknowledgment 参考文献 Refrensce 科技英语语法结构的基本特点 科技文体 专题著作、专题论文、教科书、实验报告、 新闻报道、科普文章、说明书等 特点：写实 学科发展、现状、基本概念、基本原理、定理、推导、图、表、实验结果、分析讨论、结论、操作步骤、维护方法、注意事项等 →语法结构的基本特点 1.谓语动词的时态 一般现在时：描述客观存在的事实、现象或真理。 Action and reaction are equal and opposite. 一般过去时：叙述过去发生过的事实，或存在表示过去的时间状语。 Carvendish showed that hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water. 现在完成时：强调过去发生的事实仍对现在有影响。 Since 1940 the chemical industry has grown at a remarkable rate. 一般将来时：预计将要发生的事。 Will men discover that there is life on Mars? 2.谓语动词的语态 科技论著的中心议题：客观存在的事实 →大量使用被动语态，突出所论述的事实。 科技英语中谓语至少三分之一是被动态：用事实说话；略去行为主体，使句子简洁；语气谦和，更具学术味和逻辑性。 The heat causes the reaction to be accelerated. More power is likely to be needed during the winter. The research was carried out by the assistant. 3.长句 大量使用长句和复合句，严密表达事物之间的逻辑关系 Since the molecules of a gas are much too far from each other to repel or attract each o