英国文学史第四讲：17thC-literature-and-John-Milton.pptVIP

John Milton(1608-1674) The English Revolution and the Restoration John Milton (1608-1674) Milton’s Works Paradise Lost Conclusion 1. Monarchy vs. Bourgeoisie 2. King vs. Parliament 3. Outburst of English Revolution (1642-1649) 4. Split within Revolutionary Camp 5. Restoration 6. Religious Cloak of the Revolution 7. Literature of Revolution Period a. during Tudor Dynasty (1485-1603), harmony = share same enemies; collaboration; monarchy offered protection; bourgeoisie enjoyed protection by Monarchy b. when all internal and external foes had been crushed, monarchy strove to consolidate its position, to strengthen its power; while bourgeoi-sie ceased to depend on Monarchy. c. thus came the conflict between Queen and Parliament 17th century, the clashes over monopoly (King) on merchandises (commercial interests) led to inconveniences to merchants and sharp rise in prices. Parliament announced that monopolies without its consent were illegal. But Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, and ruled the country with an absolute government for 11 years (till 1640). Severe persecutions hit the capitalist class. Consequently, there arose a demand for a new government. parliament: merchants; artisans; apprentices; peasants king: conservative gentry; landlords; monopolists= royalists? civil war in 1642. lasted till 1649 Oliver Cromwell reorganized parliamentary forces into the New Model Army in 1645, victory in Naseby, civil war ended when Charles I was captured, but he escaped from captivity. So civil war broke out again until Charles I was re-captured and executed in 1649 [mounted the guillotine] [scaffold] Monarchy was abolished Commonwealth / Republic was declared in England The middle bourgeoisie and the big bourgeoisie struggled for supremacy in parliament. The ordinary people who previously fought for parliament were now disappointed and felt they had been betrayed. Revolts were put down by Cromwell. Diggers Movement were suppre