翻译的基本概念.ppt

第二章 翻译的基本概念 1，翻译的性质（定义） 1.1 人们对翻译性质的认识：由现象到本质；由低级到高级。 1.1.1 盖翻译者，谓翻梵天之语，转成汉地之言。 音虽似别，意则大同。 ----宋僧法云《翻译名义集》 1.1.2 译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。 ----唐贾公彦　《义疏》 1.1.3 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。 ----张培基 1.1.4 Translation consists in reproducing the receptor language the closet natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. A, 再现原文信息，而不是保留原文的结构形式； B, 原文与译文之间是对等，而非同一关系； C，对等是贴切，自然的； D, 意义是优先考虑的因素； E, 文体成分也很重要。 1.1.4.1 equivalence Formal equivalence: 偏重于原语的表达形式 Dynamic equivalence: 最贴近原语信息的自然对等。 Functional equivalence: 译文的功能于原文的功能基本一致。 1.2.1 Word-for-word Translation ?The culture shared by people speaking the receptor language is often very different from the culture of people speaking the source language. This will automatically make them difficult to find lexical equivalents. The lexicons of the two languages sometimes do not match. This mismatch will make it necessary for the translators to deal with many adjustments in the process of translation. This causes a one-for-one equivalence of lexical terms impossible. Mistakes will occurs if we fail to recognize this difference. Example 4.9 中山纪念堂是广东省重点文化保护单位。 （广州中山纪念堂简介） The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is a protected site of key importance as a cultural unit by the order of Guangdong Provincial Government. ? In this context, to render“重点文化保护单位” into “a protected site of key importance as a cultural unit” is an instance of “word-for-word” translation, although the individual English words are fairly consistent with the Chinese words(in the original work) in their word order and their “part of speech.” In this example “a cultural unit” means “一个文化单元” in Chinese, and is not what the Chinese people called “文化单位,” which should correctly be translated into “a historical site.” When people render “单位” int