河套灌区秋浇对不同类型农田土壤氮素淋失-生态学报.PDF

第23卷第 10期 生 态 学 报 Vol.23,No.10 2003年10月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Oct ,2003 河套灌区秋浇对不同类型农田土壤氮素淋失 的影响 冯兆忠 ，‘王效科，，冯宗炜 ，‘刘宏云2，李延林 “ (1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京 100085;2.内蒙古河套灌区沙壕渠试验站杭锦后旗 015400) 摘要:研究了河套灌区秋浇对不同类型农田NO,-N淋失的影响。结果表明，秋浇前小麦和白菜地NO,-N含 量最高，玉米地和小麦一玉米套种地次之，葵花地最低 秋浇后土壤剖面NO,-N的损失量按照表层((0- 40c.)、中层(40^-80cm),深层(80^-120cm)依次递减(玉米地除外)。不同农田NO,-N淋失量按照小麦地、 白菜地、玉米地、葵花地、小麦一玉米地依次递减。这说明，发展套种耕作将有利于减少氮素淋失。土坡NO,- N的淋失还直接导致地下水质的恶化。在当前的耕作制度及秋浇定额下，河套灌区每年可损失约2.6X10 kgN,因此，需要科学地确定秋浇方式和秋浇量，减少氮素淋失，减少地下水污染 关镇词:秋浇;土壤NO,一N;淋失量;农田类型;河套灌区 InfluenceofautumnirrigationonsoilNleachinglossofdifferent farmlandsinHetaoirrigationdistrict,China FENGZhao-Zhong,WANGXiao-Ke,FENGZong-Wei,LIUHong-Yun2,LIYan-Lin (1.ResearchCenterforEm-environmentalSciences,ChineseAcodemyofSciences,Beijing100085,China,2.Shahaoqu EperimentStationofInnerMongolia,Hangjinhoagi015400,China).ActaEcologicaSiaiea,2003,23(10),2027-2032. Abstract:Autumnirrigationisaparticularirrigationsystem,whichwashessalttodeepersoilprofileand keepshighersoilwatercontentforcultivatingnextspringcropsinHetaoIrrigationDistrictofChina. Autumnirrigationoccursduringthenon-growingseasonandmaycauseleachingofanynitratesleftinthe soilprofile.However,thisnitrateleachinghasbeenrarelypaidattention.Thepaperisaimedtodetermine andcomparetheeffectsofautumnirrigationonsoilnitrateleachingamongdifferentfarmlands;andto quantifythemassofNO,-NleachedforeachtypeoffarmlandsinHetaoIrrigationDistrictduringthe autumnirrigation. ThefieldstudywasconductedatShahaoquexperimentstationinHetaoIrrigationDistrict.Thefields ofspringwheat,sunflower,maize,cabbagea