孤独症儿童自伤为特点及干预.docVIP

孤独症儿童自伤行为特点及干预 摘 要 孤独症又叫自闭症或全面性发育障碍。这种发育障碍的成因，至今学术界不能对其做出准确和科学的解释。但是，根据已知的研究，学术界对孤独症有一个基本共识:孤独症是因大脑、神经系统的发育障碍而引起的广泛性、发展性障碍。这种疾病呈现出许多有别于其他精神病、发展障碍的特征。除此之外，孤独症儿童还表现为心智年龄的低龄化，致使他们在自控力、耐挫力等方面出现了不同程度的障碍。更主要的方面，孤独症儿童在语言、认知、行为和社会交往这几大方面可能会同时出现和交叉出现严重的问题。 目前，由于孤独症的病因无法明确，因此无法做到对症下药，所以对于孤独症儿童的治疗只能进行干预，以减轻症状。 关键词：孤独症；儿童自伤行为特点；干预 ABSTRACT Autism is also known as autism or generalized developmental disorder. The scientific community has yet to make an accurate and scientific explanation for the causes of autism. However, there is a consensus in academia that autism is a generalized and developmental disorder caused by developmental disturbances in the brain and nervous system. This disease presents many characteristics that are different from other mental disorders and developmental disorders. Not only that, autistic children also show mental age of younger age, resulting in their self-control, frustration and other aspects of the emergence of varying degrees of obstacles. Whats more, there are serious problems in language, cognition, behavior and social interaction. At present, due to the reasons for autism can not be clear, and therefore can not be the right remedy, so the treatment of autistic children can only intervene, in order to alleviate symptoms. Key words:Children with autism; self injurious behavior; intervention  目 录 1 TOC \o 1-3 \h \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc11145 引言 PAGEREF _Toc11145 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc28535 1 孤独症儿童自伤行为相关概念 PAGEREF _Toc28535 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc13551 1.1 孤独症 PAGEREF _Toc13551 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc12527 1.2 自伤行为 PAGEREF _Toc12527 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc5924 1.3 孤独症儿童自伤行为 PAGEREF _Toc5924 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc22422 2 孤独症儿童自伤行为的特点 PAGEREF _Toc22422 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc30714 2.1刺激性自伤行为 PAGEREF _Toc30714 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc209 2.2发泄性自伤行为 PAGEREF _Toc209 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc15030 2.3刻板性自伤行为 PAGEREF _Toc15030 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc6265 3 孤独症儿童自伤行为干预 PAGEREF _Toc6265 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc716 3.1 自我意识培养 PAGEREF _Toc716 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc1