第十章临床科研中常见的偏倚及防治方法.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Right, in a case-reference study, the measure of association of choice is an odds ratio and this 2x2 table gives the framework for calculating it. So, is he on to something, this tobacco company epidemiologist? Does exposure to matches - and all those burnt carbons- cause lung cancer? Why not? * So, after stratifying by smoking status, you get 2 two-by-two tables. In each one, all subjects are homogeneous in terms of smoking. In this table, all the subjects are smokers and in this one all the subjects are non-smokers. What do we see?