基于GIS的海口市滨海旅游区土地利用的生态环境效应研究-自然地理学专业论文.docxVIP

型在2008~2015年间变化幅度最大，而后变化的幅度有所减弱。 6. 研究区2008年生态环境综合效应指数为0.582，该区域生态环境处于一般状态， 生态系统服务功能已有退化。有林地和湿地的生态环境处于理想状态，水域生态系统处 于良好状态，耕地生态环境状态一般，生态环境较差的是未利用地，生态环境处于恶劣 状态的是建设用地。 关键词：海口市滨海旅游区；遥感与GIS；土地利用/覆盖变化；趋势预测；生态环境效 应 Abstract The coastal resorts of Haikou City is as the research object in this paper. Firstly, the data information about land use and cover changes （LUCC）of the coastal tourist areas in Haikou City from 1991 to 2008 has been extracted, selecting remote sensing image of 1991,2001,2008 as the main data source, basing on the spectrum characteristics of ground objects, using the object-oriented information extraction technology. Secondly, spatial characteristics of LUCC and the transformation process of land use types in the coastal tourist area of Haikou City nearly 18 years has been analised in support of GIS and its landscape pattern has been studied combined with the basic theory of landscape ecology and method, the trend of land use change in next 20 years has been forecasted. Lastly, a comprehensive evaluation about effects on the regional ecological environment and on land use change is conducted through establishing environmental impact evaluation index system with pressure - state - response (PSR) index system model. The results showed that: The classification accuracy of LUCC type classification reaches above 85%, Kappa index reaches above 0.79, using object-oriented information extraction method based on remote sensing data preprocessing. Because of this high accuracy, it is a more effective information extraction method. The main coastal tourist areas of Haikou City are dominated by farmland and construction sites, whose sum area is about 3/4 of the entire study area, forested land and water accounts for 6.47% and 14.54% respectively, wetlands and unutilized land for 2.19% and 1.92% respectively, which are the smallest proportion of land types. From 1991 to 2008, the increasing rate of built-land area is 1.09%, the decreasing of farmland is at an annua