圆明园宫门区古环境研究-中国考古.PDF

2018 2 93 圆明园宫门区古环境研究 1 2 3 4 5 马悦婷 岳升阳 齐乌云 魏晋茹 张鹏飞 （1. 首都博物馆 , 北京市 100045；2. 北京大学城市与环境学院 , 北京市 100871； 3. 中国社会科学院考古研究所，北京市 100710；4. 北京出版集团，北京市 100120； 5. 北京市颐和园管理处 , 北京市 100091） ：圆明园；环境演变；清河洼地 ：圆明园位于北京小平原的西部，其古地貌环境受到古清河的影响。通过对圆明园宫门区剖面沉积物粒度、 孢粉的分析，把自 4500a.B.P. 圆明园宫门区地貌演变分为 5 个阶段：4560a.B.P. ~ 3740a.B.P. 为分支河道发育；3740a.B.P. ~ 3412a.B.P.为漫滩发育；3412a.B.P. ~ 2854a.B.P.为浅湖发育；2854a.B.P. ~ 1749a.B.P.为湖沼发育；1749a.B.P. ~ 1196a.B.P.为 漫滩发育。圆明园中的河湖水源和清人建园的方法都受到古地貌环境的影响，其周边由稻田荷塘构成的水乡景色，也离 不开其处于湖沼洼地的地貌环境，而如今圆明园遗址的改造也要充分考虑到其古地貌的演变。 Keywords ：Yuanming Yuan; Environmental Changes; Qinghe Swales Abstract ：Yuanming Yuan is located in the western part of the small plain of Beijing. Its ancient geomorphic environment was affected by the ancient Qinghe River. Based on the analysis of the sediments and pores collected from the longitudinal ’ section in the area of Yuanming Yuan s Palace gate, the topographic changes of this place since 4500 a.B.P. can be divided into fi ve phases: 4560a.B.P. ~ 3740a.B.P., the development of branch river channels; 3740a.B.P. ~ 3412a.B.P., the development of fl oodplain; 3412a.B.P. ~ 2854a.B.P., the development of shallow lakes; 2854a.B.P. ~ 1749a.B.P., the development of lakes and marshes;1749a.B.P. ~ 1196a.B.P., the development of fl oodplain.The ancient geomorphic environment had an impact on the water sources of rivers and lakes in Yuanming Yuan as well as the way people built the site in Qing Dynasty. Besides, nearby scenery, featured with paddy fi elds and lotus ponds, was also under the infl uence of the topographic surroundings like limnetic depression. Present reconstruction of the relics