在英语文法中虚拟语气的具体用法解析.docVIP

虚拟语气 　　在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气 (Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如： How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Dont hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。 虚拟语气的构成 种类 条 件 句 结构 主 句 结 构 与现在事实相反 动词用过去式be 动词用 were Should/could＋动词原形would/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的 用had＋过去分词 Should/could＋have＋过去分词would/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 动词用过去式were to 加动词原形should 加动词原形 should＋动词原形would＋动词原形 虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表 种类 功用 句型 例句 虚拟语气 表示主观愿望 主句谓语 宾语从句谓语动词 I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在 过去式 过去 had+过去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon.I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在 过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟比较或方式 状语从句 从句动词形式 She looked after the orphan as if he were here own child. as if, as though, even if 从句 与现实相反 过去式 与过去相反 had+过去分词 Theyre talking as if they had been friends for many years. 与将来相反 should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形 The man looked worried, as though something would happen to him. that, so that, in order that从句 may+动词原形might+动词原形can+动词原形could+动词原形 Turn on the light so that I could see it clearly. I warned him in order that he might keep away from the danger. 表示间接的命令、建议或请求 宾语从句 用于suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等之后 (should)+动词原形 They required that I (should) go at once. He suggested that the meeting (should) start earlier. 表语从句 主句中的主语常是：suggestion, idea, proposal, order, request等 My suggestion is that we should tell him. Our only request is that this problem(should) be settled as soon as possible. 同位语从句 They received an order that the work be stopped. 在主语从句中表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等 It is necessary (important, natural, strange 等) that… 主语从句中的动词形式： It is necessary that every member remember these rules.It is a great pity that he should be so