英语句子成分和结构.ppt

Members of the Sentence and Structures 句子的成分与结构 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 英语的句子成分： 一．主语 The Subject 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 ★主语一般在句首。 Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.句子 二.谓语 The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。 谓语由动词/动词短语构成. 助动词或情态 动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 ★谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语后面。 E.g.We study hard. He looked after his little sister. He can speak English. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 三.表语 The Predicative 说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、 代词、数词、形容词、短语或句子等充当， 和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后 面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 　　　　　　　句子 四. 宾语 The Object 表示动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者. 由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充 当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。 一般在谓语之后。 E.g. He likes Chinese. 　　名词 We haven‘t seen her for a long time. 代词　　 Do you mind opening the window? 动名词 Tom likes to sleep in the park. 动词不定式 Give me four please. 代词和数词 五.定语 The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词, 译为‘‘……的’’ 由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语 不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。 定语的位置： 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前; 不定代词（something/nothing）之后； 不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后； 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 They are women workers. 名词 Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词 He has three cats. 数词 China is a developing country. 现在分词 The girl behind the tree is my sister. 介词短语 I have nothing to eat. 不定式 The boy you will know is Tom. 从句 Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night. 所有格 I met a friend on my way home. 副词 六.状语 The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方