医学3外源化学物在体内生物转运与生物转化.pptxVIP

Toxicokinetics (毒物代谢动力学 ) how the body handles poisons Toxicodynamics (毒物效应动力学) what poisons may do to the body Toxicokinetics refers to the processes of absorption, distribution, elimination, and metabolism of a toxicant.TK describes the changes of the concentrations of a compound in the organism over time.Toxicodynamics refers to the actions and interactions of the toxicant within the organism and describes processes at organ, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels.TD describes the dynamic interactions of a compound with a biological target and its downstream biological effectsBiotransportation (生物转运)Biotransformation (生物转化)卫生毒理学系Toxicokinetics (Exposure fate of chemicals)disposition - Absorption - Distribution - Metabolism - Excretion卫生毒理学系Summary of the disposition of toxicants as determined by absorption, distribution, and excretion in the body卫生毒理学系外源化学物在体内的生物转运一、生物膜与生物转运二、吸 收三、分 布 四、排 泄XenobioticExcretion卫生毒理学系Biomembrane The Fluid Mosaic Model 卫生毒理学系Membrane transport 被动转运(passive transport)简单扩散(simple diffusion)滤过(filtration)特殊转运(special transport) 主动转运(active transport)易化扩散(facilitated diffusion)膜动转运(cytosis)。 卫生毒理学系The differences between diffusionand active transport卫生毒理学系/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossPQ.html#passive transportPassive transport /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossD.html#diffusionDiffusion across a plasma membrane in which the cell expends no energy the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxideosmosis of waterfacilitated diffusion Fick定律 R＝K×A（c1－c2）/ dR为扩散速率，K为特定外源化学物的扩散常数，A为生物膜的面积，（c1－c2）为生物膜两侧的浓度梯度，d为生物膜的厚度 脂/水分配系数(lipid/water partition coefficient) 卫生毒理学系Passive ProcessesWater diffusion: osmotic pressure 卫生毒理学系Facilitated diffusion卫生毒理学系Facilitated diffusion卫生毒理学系Active transport 卫生毒理学系Three Types of Proteins for Active Transportcalcium-binding proteinuptake of amino acids from the intestinesodium–potassium pump卫生毒理学系Primary active transportsodium–potassium (Na+–K+) pump卫生毒理学系Secondary active transport卫生毒理学系Xenobiotic transport