西双版纳热带雨林片断小气候边缘效应的初步研究-中国科学院.PDF

植物生态学报　1998, 　22( 3) 250～255 Act a Phyt oecologica Sinica　　　　　　　　 a 马友鑫　刘玉洪　张克映 ( 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明　650223) 　本文以林缘为中心, 研究了西双版纳 区3个热带干性季节性雨林片断和1个同样植被类型的 连续森林林内至林外样带上小气候要素水平梯度分布。结果表明, 热带雨林片断林缘对温度、相对湿度 和光照的影响范围北向林缘伸至林内15m 、南向林缘伸至林内25m 。林外小气候水平梯度大于林内, 这种 梯度变异尤以林缘附近( - 10～10m 范围) 最大。热带雨林片断后, 林内与林外之间的小气候环境差异和 对林外气候变化的缓冲作用都明显减弱。本文还给出了温度和湿度随水平距离变化的线性关系, 并探讨 了小气候边缘效应对群落结构、物种分布的影响。 　边缘效应　小气候　热带雨林片断　植物多样性 ON MICROCLIMATE EDGE EFFECTS OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST FRAGMENTS IN XISHUANGBANNA , Ma Youxin Liu Yuhong and Zhang Keyin g ( Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden,The ChineseAcademy of Sciences　650223) Abstract　Tak ing orest edge as a cent ral point, microclimatic in ormat ion were recorded in tran- sects rom t he open to t he interior o t hree tropical dry seasonal rain orest ragment s and a cont in- uous orest o t he same vegetation t ype in Xishuan gbanna, Yunnan provin ce, aiming at st udying th e h orizont al gradient distribution o microclimatic elements near th e edges. The indin gs show th at t he ragment edge in luences ext ent on temperature, relat ive humidity and light was up to 15 25 - - , m and m into th e orests rom t he edge at nort h acing and at south acing direction respec- . tively The horizontal gradient o microclimat ic elements was great er outside orest t han inside or- est. The maximum gradient variat ion occurred near orest edges,ran ged rom - 10m t o 10m into th e orest int erior rom the edge.While the tropical rain orest was ragment ed, th e microclimat ic di erence betw een t he open and the int erior an d the bu er unc