第四章、细菌遗传学I.pptVIP

* 第四章、细菌遗传学I 内容 介绍当前对质粒分配和拷贝数控制的调控机制的研究，（参考教材101页） 学习要求 认识质粒分配与不相容性 质粒分配与不相容性 质粒 质粒是能独立于寄主染色体而自主复制并被稳定遗传的一类核酸分子 绝大多数的质粒是DNA型 目前已知只有酵母杀伤质粒(killer plasmid)是RNA型 绝大多数的天然DNA质粒为共价、闭合、环状的分子结构，即cccDNA (covalently close circular DNA ) 质粒DNA的分子量范围：1 - 200 kb 知识点回顾 已学知识点回顾 一、质粒分配与不相容性 混合配对模型 Random positioning of incompatible plasmids. A. Sibling plasmids are initially paired, segregated and positioned along the cell. As fresh replicas are generated during the cell cycle, the positioning mechanism continues to be activated and to reposition plasmids two at a time, leading to asymmetric plasmid distribution and often to the absence of a plasmid from one cell-half. B. A large partition complex is more likely than a smaller one to activate and stabilize the positioning process. The plasmid with the larger centromere (circle) is thus more likely than that with the smaller one (ovoid) to be chosen for positioning and to be placed at the centres of the cell-halves; plasmids with smaller centromeres are more likely to wander and be lost. Note that repositioning will tend to moderate a preference for positioning plasmids with large centromeres/partition complexes. Indirect pairing. Partition does not necessarily start by breaking the ParB–ParB interactions responsible for pairing partition complexes on sibling plasmids. Instead, ParA can be activated by a ParB–DNA entity that consists of either an isolated ParB–parS complex, a paired complex (as shown) or an ensemble in a plasmid cluster. Partition ensues when the activated ParA encounters another ParB–DNA entity, which may never have been in contact with the activating one. Thus, plasmids can be segregated as either clusters, pairs or individuals. 问题：细胞内的质粒是平均分配的么？ ParB不直接相互作用的质粒间也可发生分配 二、 质粒复制（拷贝数）与不相容性 质粒能利用寄主细胞的DNA复制系统进行自主复制,并赋宿主细胞特定的遗传性状. 质粒DNA的复制方式: 主要有“θ”型复制和滚环复制 根据在每个细胞中拷贝数的多寡，质粒可分为两大复制类型： ① 严紧型质粒(Stringent plasmid) ② 松弛型质粒(Relaxed plasmid) 一种质粒究竟是属于严紧型还是松弛型并不是绝对的，同一质粒在不同的宿主细胞中可能具有不同的复制型，这说明质粒的复