轿车总装内饰装配线均衡到问题分析.docxVIP

摘要摘要 摘要 摘要 为了快速响应市场需求，提高生产线柔性，轿车总装配阶段普遍采用多品种 共线生产。在这种生产模式下，装配线均衡问题成为降低劳动力成本、优化生 产的关键环节。如何解决这一问题，使生产过程在“一个流”的状态下运行， 成为很多装配型制造业企业关注的问题。 轿车总装配线具有多种车型共线生产、机运线匀速传送、交叉型柿置工位作 业范围、作业元素顺序约束呈直线型等特点，根据这些特点以节拍时间最小为 目标函数，以顺序约束、位置约束、饱和度约束和工位跨度约束为约束条件建 立数学模型。同时，为了降低求解过程的计算复杂程度，将节拍时问最小转化 为最小化各工位时间与理想节拍时间差距作为求解模型目标函数，将位置约束 细分为左右位置约束和固定工位约束来处理位置约束中的不同优先级别，将饱 和度约束转化为易于衡量的工位作业时间下限约束，将工位跨度约束转化为各 个车型在某一工位的作业时间上限约束，将车型投产顺序进行平准化排序后， 运用改进后的Thomopoulos启发式平衡搜寻法对模型求解。 接下来以上海通用汽车东岳生产基地内饰一工段为例进行建模和求解，结果 显示均衡后整体平衡率由83％提高到94％，工位间平滑指数由6．1降低到0．9， 表明装配线的一致性和节奏性较均衡前均有明显改善，在企业现有的条件下实 现了提高效率和降低成本的目标。 最后，关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。 关键词：装配线均衡，启发式方法，生产管理，Thomopoulos启发式平衡搜寻法 AbstractABSTRACT Abstract ABSTRACT Automobile general assembly line use mixed—model style to arrange production for rapid demand response and high flexibility．In this production style，assembly line balancing problem is the key point of reducing labor costs and optimizing production． Lots of manufacturing companies with assembly line pay more attention to how to solve this problem and make sure their production process in“one—piece flow”style． Automobile general assembly line iS characteristic of mixed—model，chain shipping，cross type station layout，the line features of operation elements orders and etc．A model is build which the objective function iS minimum Takt time，subjecting to process order constraint，location constraint，saturation constraint and station span constraint．In order to reduce calculation complexity,we divide location constraint into the edge constraint and fixed location constraint which are given different priority,change the saturation constraint into station time lower limit，change the station span constraint into station time upper limit．After a optimized sequence is established，the model is solved by improved Thomopoulos balancing heuristic search method． Put Shanghai General Motor Company Dongyue Trim one assembly line database into the model and search a solvent．The result shows that the efficiency of the assembly line s