基于fpga的水样在线采集控制系统的设计-测试计量技术与仪器专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 全球水污染已比较严重，加快水质环境监测仪器的研制，开发水质在线采样 仪器就显的十分必要和紧迫。论文介绍了可用于实时、在线的水质采样系统。 水质在线采样系统实质上是一个数字控制系统，由步进电机、步进电机细分驱 动器、功率放大器、光栅尺、采样装置组成，采用 Altera 公司的 FPGA 开发板（DE2） 作为核心控制模块，实现对采样器的启停控制以及采样过程中速度和采样量的设 定。系统工作流程是：通过步进电机带动采样注射器活塞向下（采集水样）或向上 移动（输送水样）实现在线采集，同时带动光栅尺移动，记录活塞移动的距离，实 现对采样量的精密控制。 文中首先对数字控制系统的组成和分类进行了简单介绍，分析了闭环进给伺服 控制系统的数学模型和动、静态特性等，在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，选择 了合适的控制器、执行部件、反馈部件、显示模块等。介绍了步进电机的原理特性、 步进电机的细分驱动系统以及位置检测装置光栅尺的结构、原理和测量方法；系统 各部分的电路设计，主要包括细分控制电路（控制部分和 PWM 波产生部分）、抗 干扰电路（包括光耦隔离电路和整形电路）、功率放大电路、以及电磁阀驱动电路 等。最后对采样系统进行了综合测试。测试表明，采样系统能够实现在线水质采样。 关键字：水样采集；数控技术；光栅尺；步进电机；FPGA． - I - A ABSTRACT Abstract With the global water pollution getting serious, it was very necessary and urgent to research monitoring system on water quality and develop the online water quality sampling equipment. This paper introduces a kind of system which can be used for real-time, online water quality sampling. The water online sampling system is essentially a digital control system, which composed by stepping motor, stepping motor subdivided driver, power amplifier, grating, sampling devices. It uses Alteras FPGA development board (DE2) as the core control module. The board controls the sampling device to start-stop, sets the sampling rate and sampling volume during sampling. The workflow of the system is: stepper motor drives the sampler syringe piston down (water samples) or upward (water transport) to get online collection, as the same time it moves grating for recording the distance of the piston, thus this system can control the sample volume accurately. This article introduces digital control system and classification of the composition and analyses the mathematical model and dynamic and static characteristics of the closed-loop servo control system. The system program is designed basis on the theory, and it chooses the appropriate controller, the execution unit, feedback components, display modules and so on. This paper introduces the principle characteristics of the stepper motor, s