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May 2005 Brush problems The Patina consists of Copper oxides Water Graphite The film formation depends on: Humidity Current density Temperature Surface state Ambient conditions Good performance Good performance Ring wear Current density Too smooth surface Too smooth surface Surface roughness Surface roughness Tools Flash over Flash over Flash over Flash over Accumulation of brush dust Dust removal Efficient cooling Brush sparking Bad brush position Position of brush holder Brush distance Oil influence Different brush length Position of pressure finger Oil influence for ligthning protection brushes Humidity Brush pressure Brush pressure Brush wear rate SKT / GB4 Page: * Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik * SKT GB4 Datum Seite: * Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Carbon brushes for wind turbines Copper- Oxide layer Water Brush Copperoxide CuO; Cu2O Graphite Influence on film = influence brush performance Wind Power Generators Phenomenon Ring attack on all 3 rings Problem Low load low temperature r ( 40°C) Phenomenon Smooth surface Problem No film formation Friction coefficient Brush vibration Rough surface Smooth Surface Graphite Graphite stabilises friction protects surface Surface roughness Rz = 5 - 8 μm Ra = 0,8 - 1,2 μm Not a mirror like finish but a mat finish Max 2 mm Phenomenon Uneven brush wear Problem uneven temperature rotor failure 3 8 15 25 g/m3air Absolute Humidity wear ideal acceptable acceptable unacceptable unacceptable
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