基于fpga的低码率活动图像帧间预测方案设计-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘要随着移动通信技术和IP网络的迅速发展，多媒体通信正逐步成为通信的主 摘要 随着移动通信技术和IP网络的迅速发展，多媒体通信正逐步成为通信的主 流业务，可视电话，会议电视，图像和视频媒体等都要求有更好的视频编码标准 出现以适应各种应用的需求，新一代动态视频压缩标准H．264／AVC的推出，使 视频压缩研究进入了一个新的层次。 本文提出了一套恒定低码率视频传输方案，研究的重点是H．264／AVC视频 编码关键技术及其基本框架的FPGA硬件实现，对视频编码器方案设计中的两项 关键技术：帧间预测编码和码率控制进行了详细阐述。 运动估计是编码过程最重要、耗时最长的部分。本文在权衡速度和资源的基 础上提出了一种高效的硬件架构，采用快速搜索算法的并行．流水结构设计，36PE 并行计算处理。本文深入研究了码率控制技术，通过对经典码率控制算法分析， 针对当前系统存在的问题和低码率应用环境的需求进行了改进，在不对结果造成 很大偏差前提下简化了一些复杂计算，取得了良好的结果。 在FPGA平台上实现了视频编码，分析并验证薄结果，系统资源占用较少。 经验证该方案在保证图像质量前提下达到了恒定低码率传输动态视频图像目标， 在54MHz的系统时钟下可以实现对CIF(25帧／秒)格式图像实时的处理。本文 最后指出距离原型系统仍有相当距离，大量工作留待后续完成。 关键词：视频编码，H．264／AVC，运动估计，码率控制，FPGA，系统架构 AbstractWith Abstract With the development of mobile communication and IP internet，multimedia communication had become the prevalent operation．So it was urgent to make better video coding standard to fit all kinds of applications，such as video phone，meeting TV, image and video multimedia．Recent years，H．264，the 1atest video compression standard had 1ed the research in related fields． This thesis presented an invariable low—bit rate proj ect about video transmission． It was focused on H．264 and its realization based on FPGA．The paper emphasizes two key techniques in H．264 encoder：Motion Estimation and Bit Rate Contr01． Motion estimation was the most important part in H．264 encoder．An efficient VLSI architecture was designed according to the fast searching algorithm after evaluating speed and resource．It was a parallel—pipelining processing architecture with 36 PEs．The present project was improved by avoiding some complex calculation based on classic rate control algorithm and requirement of low bit rate conditions． Real time video coding system which was implemented based on FPGA occupied less resource and could make invariable low bit rate video transmission with CIF(25 flames per second)．Now,the system architecture and part of components have been accomplished，and there w童霹still much work need to be complete． Key words：Video Coding，H．264／AVC，Motion Estimation