基于fpga的图像压缩系统分析-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 摘 要 近年来，随着电子技术的高速发展，数字图像处理技术逐渐成熟。图像的处理已经 从可见光谱扩展到光谱的各个波段，从静止图像扩展到运动图像，从物体的外部扩展到 物体内部。所以视频图像的编解码芯片的研究成为了多媒体技术研究的核心。 FPGA 与传统的 MCU，DSP 相比，具有速度快，配置灵活的特点, 本文选用 Altera 公司的 Cyclone II EP2C70F896C6 FPGA 作为图像压缩系统的核心芯片，并利用开发板 上的其他资源实现 JPEG Baseline 压缩系统。JPEG 压缩算法中的二维离散余弦变换（2-D DCT）采用行列分解法实现，为减少运算的复杂性，一维离散余弦变换采用快速算法实 现；为提高模块的吞吐量，设计中采用流水线结构。色彩空间转换部分采用自定义指令 来实现，以提高压缩系统性能。为实现图像采集模块和显示模块与 AVALON 总线间的 通信，设计了符合 AVALON 总线规则的主端口写传输和主端口流水线读传输模块，完 成图像数据的自动存储和显示。最后，在 SOPC Builder 中构建了整个硬件系统。二维离 散余弦变换模块和主端口读写模块以自定义外设的方式加入到系统中，色彩空间变换以 自定义指令的方式集成到处理器上。整个系统的软件编译和调试在 NIos II IDE 上完成。 本课题利用了 SOPC 软硬协同设计的思想，为复杂片上系统（SOC）的设计做了有 益的探索性尝试，对视频实时压缩芯片设计的快速构建具有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词 静态图像编码 现场可编程门阵列 SOPC Avalon 总线 I Abstract Abstract Recently, with the rapid development of electronic technology，the digital image processing technology have been matured gradually. Digital image processing has already expanded from the visible spectrum to each stage of spectrum, from the static image to the motive image, and from interior to exterior in object. Therefore, the research of chip that can encode and decode becomes the center of multimedia technology. Compared with traditional MCU, DSP, the advantage of FPGA is speed fast and configuration flexible. So this article selects Altera Corporations Cyclone II EP2C70F896C6 as image compression core chip and makes use of other resources of development board to achieve JPEG Baseline compression system. The two-dimensional discrete cosine transformation (2-D DCT) in JPEG compression algorithm is achieved based on the algorithm of row-column decomposition. In order to reduce the computational complexity, one-dimensional discrete cosine transformation is realized by fast algorithm. In order to improve the throughput of the module, the pipelining technology is taken. To improve compression system performance, the color space conversion is completed by the custom instruction. In order to communicate between AVALON bus and image sample module and between AVALON bus and image displa