高中语法总结.ppt

定语从句Attributive clause 定于可以由形容词、代词、数次、名词、分词、副词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫定语从句，因为主要由形容词担任定语，所以也可以称它为形容词从句。 限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或物，如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含混不清。在限定性定语从句之前不用任何标点。 非限定性定语从句对先行词只起进一步说明的作用，有时对于主句做进一步说明，如果删掉它，不影响整个句子的基本意思，因此通常用逗号把它和其他句子分开。 各种关系代词的使用方法： 　1. 何时宜用who，而不用that： 　　先行词是one, ones, anyone时； 　　One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 　　Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 　　先行词为those时，宜用who为关系代词时； 　　Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of magic cloth. 　　当先行词有较长的后置定语时； 　　I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese. 　　一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。 　　The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 　　在there be开头的句子中 　　There is an old man who wants to see you. ２. 关系代词that的用法： 　that只能用在限定性从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能用that，另外介词后不能跟that，而跟which； 　在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物时，一般可以通用； 　　The money that (which) is in the wallet is mine. 　有些情况，只宜用that，而不宜用which： 　　先行词是最高级形容词或者它的前面有最高级形容词时 　　This is the best that has been used against pollution. 　　先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时 　　He is the last person (that) I want to see. 　　主句已有疑问词who或which时 　　Which is the bike that you lost? 　　先行词既有人又有物，宜用that 　　Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 　　先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时 　　You should hand in all that you have. 　　先行词前面only, any, few, little, no, all, one, of, the same, the very等修饰词时 　　The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 　　有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that 　　Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 3. 关系代词which的用法： 　非限定性定语从句中，只宜用what，不能用that; 　　Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. 　在限定性定语从句中which和that在代物市场常可以通用，但有时只宜用which，不用that。 　　This is the hotel in which you will stay.= This is the hotel that/ which you will stay in. 　　Let me sh