基于2总线带有数字温度补偿的实时时钟芯片设计-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 时钟电路是现代电子产品的重要组成部分，它为系统提供稳定、精确的时钟 基准。随着集成电路技术的发展，集成化的时钟芯片也成为时钟电路的主流。但 温度变化会影响集成电路的性能，时钟芯片也存在这样的问题。 本文采用 HHNEC 2.5um CMOS 工艺，设计了一款采用石英晶体做为振荡元件， 具有高精度和高稳定性的温度补偿时钟芯片。本文完成了温补时钟芯片的完整设 计流程，包括方案设计、电路设计、测试和调试。首先，本文从需求角度分析并 确定了项目中时钟芯片的核心参数，进而给出芯片的架构设计。从系统层面上将 芯片分为 RTC 功能模块和温度补偿模块，并将温度补偿模块作为本文的重点内容。 其次，本文对 RTC 功能模块进行了详细的介绍，这包括振荡器、总线接口及协议、 以各类寄存器为核心的计时、闹钟和定时器模块。该部分还包括了低压检测、振 荡波检测和 POR 等辅助电路。再次，本文介绍了数字温度补偿机制。文章从分析 石英晶体谐振频率的温度特性入手，确定了通过调节振荡器负载电容来稳定振荡 器谐振频率的数字温度补偿方案。根据该温补方案，提出了温度补偿模块中的几 个模拟电路的设计方法，包括：温度检测电路、基准电路和 SAR ADC。最后，文 章给出了流片后的样片调试和测试结果,其中温补时钟的调试方法也是论文的重点。 基于大量样片的测试结果，文章做了总结，并得出了影响样片成品率的主要原因 在于封装对石英晶体的损伤。 虽然样片没能达到商用要求，但文章仍然总结出了一个完整的温补时钟设计 流程。样片在不考虑商用性的情况下可以保证精度在 ??10ppm 以内，并保证较高 的成品率。 关键词：实时时钟，温度补偿，石英晶体， 总线 I II II ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The clock circuit is an important part of modern electronic products, it provides stable and accurate clock for the system. With the development of the integrated circuits, the clock circuit is also beginning to be integrated. However, temperature affects the performance of clock IC. This paper proposed the design of a quartz crystal clock chip with temperature compensation in HHNEC 0.25um CMOS process. This paper described a complete design of the clock chip, which includes the structure design, circuits design and debugging test. First, this paper determined the core parameters of the clock chip according to the requirements and gave the design of the chip architecture. Second, this paper introduced the design of RTC, which includes a oscillator, a bus interface and a clock based on HYPERLINK /w/register/ registers. This part also includes the low pressure detection circuit, the oscillation wave detection circuit, POR circuit and etc. Then this paper came into the part of digital temperature compensation. Starting from the analyses of the temperature characteristics of the quartz crystal, I determined the temperature compensation scheme after putting forward the concept of temperature compensation. The digital method is used to stabil