化工专业英语 (2)..pptVIP

第四课 Unit Operations and Flowsheets Main Point The concept of unit operation and the drawings of some units in flowsheets. New words and expressions unit operation reactor heat exchanger pump mixer separator dryer New words and expressions filter absorber adsorber centrifuge distillation condensation filtering New words and expressions propeller shaft centrifugal pump compressor expander turbine splitter New words and expressions combiner interconnect venerable fledgling incarnations New words and expressions generic thin layer chromatography liquid chromatography vapour chromatography electron spin resonance free radical X-ray spectroscopy Text Unit Operations and Flowsheets Every chemical process is a collection of units interconnected by streams. Text This is the concept of unit operations, the first, and most venerable, paradigm adopted by the fledgling discipline of chemical engineering near the beginning of the twentieth century. Text The five most common units are reactors, heat exchangers, pumps, mixers, and separators. Text The design and operation of these five units, which exist in hundreds of incarnations, are the focus of the traditional chemical engineering curriculum. Text Furthermore, most chemical engineering curricula have a senior-level laboratory course entitled unit operations. Text As we saw in the ammonia process, the reactor is usually the key unit. The reactor will often dictate whether a chemical process is possible. Text Separators are secondary only to the reactor in most processes; the performance of the separator(s) will often determine if a process is profitable. Text Examples of separators include dryers, filters, absorbers, adsorbers, and centrifuges. Text The method used to separate a mixture – distillation, condensation, or filtering - is usually