定语从句高考常见考点.docxVIP

嘉兴市高中英语学科基地 eBase 第 page 1页 共 numpages 1页 定语从句高考常见考点 一、考查关系代词和关系副词的选择关键词：指代、成分和类型，主句、从句 都完整。 1. 指代：关系词要与先行词保持一致。 2. 成分: 关系词要以其在定语从句(决不是主句)中所充当的句子成分而定。如果充当状语，还要具体看是时间、地点、原因还是方式状语等。 3. 类型：关系词要以定语从句的类型而定。是限制性从句还是非限制性从句等。 4. 完整：主句和从句都必须是完整句子。不可缺少成分也不能有多余成分。 使用关系副词when/where/why时, 不仅要看先行词是否指时间、地点和原因，同时还要看它们在从句中所充当的成分；只有作状语时才可以使用关系副词，否则选用关系代词。例 如： 1. This is the village (which/that) we visited last year. ( which/that作visited 的宾语) This is the village where my father lived twenty years ago. (where在从句中作状语) 2. I’ll never forget the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing. ( which/that作spent 的宾语) I’ll never forget the day when I met the famous singer. (when在从句中作状语) where前的先行词可以是situation (情况，形势)/point(点，位置)/case(情况)等表示“模糊地点”的名词。例如： He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane. 二、考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法 1. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选用 ①根据定语从句中的谓语动词进行选择； ②根据先行词进行选择。例如： The material of which the table was made was imported. (of和was made搭配) This is the teacher from whom we’ve learnt a lot. (from和先行词the teacher搭配) 2. 关系副词=介词+which ①when =介词+which；②where =介词+which; ③why = for which。例如： I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. =I’ll never forget the day on which I first met you. This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. =This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 3. whose+名词= the +名词+ of +关系代词 ① 先行词指物：whose+名词 = the +名词+ of which = of which + the +名词 ② 先行词指人：whose+名词 = the +名词+ of whom = of whom + the +名词 例如： The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. =The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. =The house of which the roof was damaged has now been repaired. 4. 定语从句也可由“代词/数词/ the+最高级/比较级等+介词+关系代词”引出。 ① 数(代)词或比较等级+of+ which(指物); ② 数(代)词或比较等级+of+ whom(指人); ③ of表示部分或全部关系。例如： Smith has two daughters, both of whom are clever. Smith has two daughters, the taller of whom is clever. 5. 几个特殊句式：“介词+which+名词”、“介词＋whose ＋名词”、from where/ since when等引导的定语从句。如： He came back late, by which time all the guests had already le