实用英语语法教程第十六章 直接引语和间接引语.pptVIP

第十六章 直接引语和间接引语 1. 陈述句的间接引语 2. 疑问句的间接引语 3. 祈使句的间接引语 4. 感叹句的间接引语 5. 混合句型的间接引语 1 陈述句的间接引语 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用从属连词that来引导（that在口语中可省去），并且要注意下列变化： 1.1 时态的变化 (1)如果引述动词为现在时，则间接引语中的动词保持原来时态不变。例如： She says, “Tom works hard.” →She says Tom works hard. 她说汤姆工作努力。 Mr. Li says, “I have been a TV presenter for years.” →Mr. Wang says that he has been a teacher for ten years. 李先生说他当节目主持人已经多年了。 (2) 引述动词若为过去时，间接引语中的时态除过去完成（进行）时不需要改变以外，其他都要作相应的变化，规则如下： 例如： Kathy said, “I’ll pick you up at nine.” →Kathy said she would pick me up at nine. 凯西说她九点钟开车来接我。 He said, “I finished writing my essay yesterday.” →He said he had finished writing his essay the day before. 他说他前一天把文章写完了。 Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.” →Robert said he had been joking/ was joking with Mary. 罗伯特说他在和玛丽开玩笑。 （3）如果引语为客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言时，尽管引述动词为过去时，间接引语中动词时态却不需改变。例如 “The earth moves around the sun,” their teacher told them. →Their teacher told them that the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉他们地球绕着太阳转动。 （4）虚拟过去时如位于wish, would rather/ sooner和it is time等之后，在间接引语中保持不变。例如： She said, “It is time we went home.”→ She said it was time they went home. 她说他们该回家了。 （5）直接引语中如果有具体表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态可以不变。例如： “I joined the army in 1998,” he said. → He said that he joined the army in 1998. 他说他是1998年参军的。 （6）直接引语中动词所表示的情况仍然存在和进行，其时态在间接引语中可以不变。例如： “I’m six,” the girl said.→ The girl said that she is six. 那女孩说她6岁。（现在还是6岁） （7）过去完成（进行）式仍为过去完成（进行）式，不需改变。例如： He said, “We hadn’t returned to the school when she came.” →He said they hadn’t returned to the school when she came. 他说当她来的时候，他们还没回学校。” 1.2 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 （1）人称代词，除引述本人的原话外，通常第一、第二人称变为第三人称。例如： “I’ve broken our window.” she said. →She says she has broken their window. 她说她把窗户打破了。 (2)指示代词this和these分别变为it和they/them或that和those/the。例如： He said, “We will discuss this question tomorrow.” →He said that they would discuss it the next day. 他说他们第二天将讨论这个问题。” (3) 时间状语和地点状语的变化 He said, “It was completed a year ago.” →He said it had been completed a year before. 他说那在一年前就完成了。 时间、地点状语的