斯瓦迪士二百核心词在中国境内蒙古语族语言中的使用情况分析.PDF

斯瓦迪士二百核心词在中国境内蒙古语族语言中的使 用情况分析 其布尔哈斯(中国内蒙古大学) Ceberhas. 2018. An analysis of 200 Swadesh list words across various Mongolic languages in China. Altai Hakpo 28. 73–86. The Altaic Society of Korea. This paper uses a 200-word Swadesh list framework to conduct a comparative analysis of core words in several Mongolic languages native to China. Among these Mongolic languages, the 200 core Swadesh words are either unique in origin, foreign loanwords, or words sharing a common etymology across Mongolic languages. Although the numbers and percentages of these word origins vary slightly between Mongolic languages, they are still relatively uniform overall. In each of these languages, core words with a shared Mongolian etymology are most common. These words with common etymologies also have a systematic meaning correspondence relationship. Generally, these words varyingly possess an exact semantic correspondence, a close semantic relationship, or a related semantic relationship. Additionally, each language maintains a significant portion of core Swadesh words commonly used in ancient and medieval Mongolian but now absent from modern Mongolian, albeit to varying degrees. Keywords: Chinese Mongolic languages, Swadesh list, word etymologies 1. 引言 纵观蒙古语族语言研究，国内外学者根据蒙古语族语言本身的特点及政治、 地理、文化等因素对其进行了六分法1) 2) 3) 、七分法 、九分法 等不同的分类。在 1) 苏联学者桑希耶夫在 蒙古语比较语法 （1953）中将蒙古语族语言划分为阿富汗蒙《 》 古语（或莫卧儿语）、青海蒙古语、达斡尔语、卫拉特蒙古语、布里亚特蒙古语、 本土蒙古语等六种语言。后1963年在该书第二卷序言中加上了东乡语和保安语。 74 알타이학보 제28호 本文中我们支持蒙古语族诸语言的九分法。2)3) 斯瓦迪士核心词(Swadesh list)，是由美国语言学家莫里斯·斯瓦迪士在上世 纪40年代到50年代期间提出的。他从统计学的角度分析不同的语言（以印欧语 系语言为主），从而得出一个约有二百字的核心词列表。他认为，基