Balun_Design外文电子书籍.pdfVIP

Sheet 1 of 6 Balun Design In the design of mixers, push-pull amplifiers, baluns are used to link a symmetrical (balanced) circuit to a asymmetrical (unbalanced) circuit. Baluns are designed to have a precise 180-degree phase shift, with minimum loss and equal balanced impedances. In power amplifiers loss of symmetry will degrade efficiency and the symmetrical port must be well isolated from ground to eliminate parasitic oscillations. The basic construction/design of a balun consists of two 90-degree phasing lines that provide the required 180-degree split, and this involves the use of λ/4 and λ/2. A wire-wound transformer provides an excellent balun. Miniature wirewound transformers are commercially available covering frequencies from low kHz to beyond 2GHz. They are often realised with a centre-tapped secondary winding, if grounded this provides a short circuit to even-mode (common-mode) signals whilst having no effect on the differential (odd-mode) signal. Wire-wound transformers are more expensive than the printed or lumped element baluns described below, which find greater adoption in practical mixer designs. It should be noted that most of these lumped element and printed baluns do not provide the centre-tapped ground to even mode signals and this fact must be accounted for in the mixer design. (1) L-C Balun This design is essentially a bridge and is known as a ‘lattice-type’ balun. It consists of two capacitors and two inductors, which produce the ± 90 degree phase shifts. The diagram below (Figure 1) shows the circuit diagram of the Balun. L RI C Balanced