C Reference Manual外文电子书籍.pdfVIP

- C Reference Manual Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Telephone Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 1. Introduction C is a computer language based on the earlier language B [1]. The languages and their compilers differ in two major ways: C introduces the notion of types, and defines appropriate extra syntax and semantics; also, C on the PDP-11 is a true compiler, producing machine code where B produced interpretive code. Most of the software for the UNIX time-sharing system [2] is written in C, as is the operating system itself. C is also available on the HIS 6070 computer at Murray Hill and and on the IBM System/370 at Holmdel [3]. This paper is a manual only for the C language itself as implemented on the PDP-11. However, hints are given occasionally in the text of implementation-dependent features. The UNIX Programmer’s Manual [4] describes the library routines available to C programs under UNIX, and also the procedures for compiling programs under that system. ‘‘The GCOS C Library’’ by Lesk and Barres [5] describes routines available under that system as well as compilation procedures. Many of these routines, particularly the ones having to do with I/O, are also provided under UNIX . Finally, ‘‘Programming in C− A Tutorial,’’ by B. W. Ker- nighan [6], is as useful as promised by its title and the author’s previous introductio