核酸结构与才功能核苷酸代谢.ppt

二、嘧啶核苷酸的分解代谢 嘧啶碱 1-磷酸核糖 嘧啶核苷酸 核苷 核苷酸酶 PPi 核苷磷酸化酶 胞嘧啶 NH3 尿嘧啶 二氢尿嘧啶 H2O CO2 + NH3 β-丙氨酸 胸腺嘧啶 β-脲基异丁酸 β-氨基异丁酸 H2O 丙二酸单酰CoA 乙酰CoA TAC 肝 尿素 甲基丙二酸单酰CoA 琥珀酰CoA TAC 糖异生 * FIGURE 18-16 (part 2) Some enzyme cofactors important in one-carbon transfer reactions. The nitrogen atoms to which one-carbon groups are attached in tetrahydrofolate are shown in blue. * FIGURE 18-17 Conversions of one-carbon units on tetrahydrofolate. The different molecular species are grouped according to oxidation state, with the most reduced at the top and most oxidized at the bottom. All species within a single shaded box are at the same oxidation state. The conversion of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to N5-methyltetrahydrofolate is effectively irreversible. The enzymatic transfer of formyl groups, as in purine synthesis (see Figure 22-33) and in the formation of formylmethionine in bacteria (Chapter 27), generally uses N10-formyltetrahydrofolate rather than N5-formyltetrahydrofolate. The latter species is significantly more stable and therefore a weaker donor of formyl groups. N5-Formyltetrahydrofolate is a minor byproduct of the cyclohydrolase reaction, and can also form spontaneously. Conversion of N5-formyltetrahydrofolate to N5,N10-methenyltetrahydrofolate requires ATP, because of an otherwise unfavorable equilibrium. Note that N5-formiminotetrahydrofolate is derived from histidine in a pathway shown in Figure 18-26. * FIGURE 18-17 (part 1) Conversions of one-carbon units on tetrahydrofolate. The different molecular species are grouped according to oxidation state, with the most reduced at the top and most oxidized at the bottom. All species within a single shaded box are at the same oxidation state. The conversion of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to N5-methyltetrahydrofolate is effectively irreversible. The enzymatic transfer of formyl groups, as in purine synthesis (see Figure 22-33) and in the formation of formylmethionine in bacteria (Chapter 27), generally uses N10-formyltetra