细胞生物学 第五章 物质的跨等膜运输.ppt

膜流的意义： 动态过程对质膜更新和维持细胞的生存与生 长是必要的 作业 1、试分析说明原核细胞、古核细胞和真核细胞在进化上的关系。 2、试从实验生物学的角度来分析生物膜的组成成份及其结构。 3、细胞质膜具有什么结构特征？如何通过实验来证明这些结构特征？ 4、为什么通道蛋白在物质的转运效率方面比载体蛋白的要高得多？ * V-type ATPases (V for “vesicle”) pump protons into such organelles as vesicles, vacuoles, lysosomes, endosomes, and the Golgi complex. F-type ATPases ( F for “factor” ) are found in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplast. T-type ATPases have to components, both of which are multisubunit complexes. The integral component, called Fo, serves as a transmembrane pore for protons. The peripheral component, called F1, including the ATP-binding site.These proteins are more appropriately called ATP synthases. Not only can ATP be used as an energy source to generate and maintain electrochemical ion gradients, but such gradients can be used as an energy source to synthesize ATP. ABC-type ATPases: in bacteria and other eukaryotes, including human. For example, some human tumors are remarkably resistant to a variety of drugs that are normally quite effective at arresting tumor growth, because these tumor cells have high concentrations of a large protein called the multidrug resistance (MDR) transport protein, which was in fact the first ABC-type ATPase to be identified in humans. 第二节 离子泵和协同转运 ATP 驱动泵分类： P-型离子泵 转运离子泵 V-型质子泵 F-型质子泵 转运小分子泵：ABC超家族 Direct active transport depends on four types of transport ATPases The four classes of ATP-powered transport proteins: “P” type stands for phosphorylation; ABC (ATP-binding Cassette) superfamily, bacteria—humans. Two transmembrane (T) domains and two cytosolic ATP-binding (A) domains 第二节 离子泵和协同转运 一、P-型离子泵 2个独立的α亚基（绝大多数还有2个β亚基——通常只起调节作用，而不直接参与转运）。 α亚基发生磷酸化和去磷酸化反应，从而改变泵蛋白构象，实现离子的跨膜转运。 种类： Na+-K+ pump (Na+-K+ -ATPase)；Ca2+ pump (Ca2+ - ATPase)；H+ pump (H+ - ATPase)；H+-K+ pump (H+-K+ - ATPase) 第二节 离子泵和协同转运 一、P-型离子泵 1、 Na+-K+ pump (Na+-K+ -ATPase) 2个α亚基与2个β亚基组成的四聚体； α亚基在膜内外各有与Na+结合位点和与K+结合的位点。 Na+-K+泵作用是：